WETLANDS: NATURE’S HIDDEN TREASURE

 

Wetlands are like the cool, laid-back cousins of the ecosystem family. They're areas where the land meets the water, creating a unique and rich habitat for various plants and critters. Generally, they are described as areas where water covers the soil or is present either at or near the surface for varying periods. They are transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, playing a crucial role in biodiversity, water purification, and climate regulation.

 

TYPES OF WETLANDS

Just like there are different flavors of ice cream, there are different types of wetlands. From marshes to swamps to bogs, each type has its characteristics that make it special. Wetlands are classified into different types based on water source, vegetation, and geographical location. The various classifications are:

Marshes – Dominated by herbaceous plants like reeds and grasses, found in freshwater and saltwater environments.

Swamps – Characterized by woody vegetation such as trees and shrubs, found in floodplains and coastal areas.

Bogs – Nutrient-poor wetlands with acidic waters, mainly fed by rainwater and covered with peat moss.

Fens – Similar to bogs but receive water from groundwater sources, making them less acidic and richer in minerals.

Mangroves – Coastal wetlands found in tropical and subtropical regions, dominated by salt-tolerant mangrove trees.

Peatlands – Wetlands with accumulated organic matter (peat), storing large amounts of carbon.

IMPORTANCE OF WETLANDS

Wetlands provide various ecological and economic benefits:

✅ Biodiversity Hotspots – Home to many plant and animal species, including birds, amphibians, fish, and insects.

✅ Water Filtration – Remove pollutants, sediments, and excess nutrients from water.

✅ Flood Control – Absorb excess water during heavy rainfall, reducing flood risks.

✅ Carbon Sequestration – Store large amounts of carbon, helping mitigate climate change.

✅ Erosion Prevention – Stabilize shorelines and riverbanks.

✅ Livelihood Support – Provide resources like fish, timber, and medicinal plants for local communities.

✅ Recreation and Tourism – Attract visitors for birdwatching, boating, and nature exploration.

Consequently, wetlands are crucial for:

·      Ecosystem Services Provided

Wetlands aren't just pretty to look at; they do a lot of work behind the scenes. They help filter water, control floods, and provide a home for wildlife.

·      Climate Regulation

Think of wetlands as nature's little air purifiers. They store carbon dioxide, helping to slow down climate change and keep our planet in balance.

 

·      Biodiversity Protection

Wetlands are like botanical gardens on steroids. You'll find all sorts of unique plants, from water lilies to cattails, thriving in these watery wonderlands. If you're a fan of bird-watching, wetlands are the place to be. They're a hotspot for all kinds of birds, as well as fish, amphibians, and other critters looking to make a splash.

Threats to Wetlands

Wetlands are under threat due to human activities, including:

🚨 Urbanization – Draining wetlands for infrastructure and agriculture.

🚨 Pollution – Industrial and agricultural runoff contaminating water sources.

🚨 Climate Change – Rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns affecting water levels.

🚨 Deforestation – Loss of wetland vegetation affecting ecosystem balance.

🚨 Overexploitation – Excessive fishing, hunting, and resource extraction.

 

Unfortunately, we humans aren't always the best neighbors to wetlands. Pollution, habitat destruction, and draining for development are just some of the threats these valuable ecosystems face. Also, threats from invasive species are like the party crashers of the wetland world. They disrupt the delicate balance of these habitats, out-competing native species and causing all sorts of trouble.

WHAT IS THE WAY FORWARD? 

Wetlands are vital ecosystems that are facing threats from human activities such as pollution and urban development. Conservation and restoration efforts are essential to protect these valuable habitats for future generations. Action such as:

Government Policies and Initiatives

Government bodies play a crucial role in preserving wetlands through the implementation of policies and initiatives aimed at conservation. These can include regulations on development near wetlands, funding for restoration projects, and designation of protected areas. 

Community-Based Conservation Projects

Local communities also play a significant role in wetland conservation through grassroots initiatives. Community-based projects such as clean-up efforts, habitat restoration, and educational programs help raise awareness and involve people in protecting these natural treasures.

Community Engagement through Ecotourism

Ecotourism initiatives not only benefit visitors but also local communities living near wetlands. By creating economic opportunities through tourism, communities are incentivized to protect and conserve wetland habitats, fostering a sense of stewardship and collaboration for the long-term preservation of these natural treasures.

Research and Innovation in Wetland Conservation

Continued research and innovation are key to understanding the complexities of wetland ecosystems and developing effective conservation strategies. By investing in scientific studies, technological advancements, and collaborative partnerships, we can enhance our efforts to conserve and restore wetlands for the benefit of both nature and humanity.

As we join the rest of the world to celebrate this year's World Wetland Day 2025,  it becomes clear that these ecosystems are not just landscapes of water and vegetation, but intricate and invaluable habitats that deserve our attention and protection. Let us continue to cherish and safeguard nature's hidden treasures, the wetlands, as they serve as a reminder of the interconnectedness and resilience of our planet's delicate ecosystems.

Single-Use Plastic Ban in Lagos: Why it is Good and How We Can Make It Succeed…

 

INTRODUCTION

Every second, 15,000 plastic bottles are sold worldwide. That is 1,000,000 per minute and 480 billion a year. Only 7% of these single-use plastic bottles are recycled, despite the fact that the material used, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic is one of the easier to recycle. In addition, PET sinks but bottle caps do not. They are made from a different type of plastic, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and are lighter than water. As a result, more caps wash up on beaches than bottles.

In Lagos, like most cities in developing countries, residents use an average of 591 sachets per year. Many things are sold in sachets: coffee, shampoos, chocolates, noodles, etc. In Nigeria it is estimated that over 10,000,000 sachets are sold every day, amounting to almost billion a year. It is evident in the market dynamics in most parts of the world that economic activities in the 21st century are faced with an enormous challenge of resource management. A greater percentage of the climatic conditions in the cities is caused by pollutants produced from materials that are used mostly for a few minutes and remain in the environment for hundreds of years, with plastic being the major contributor.

The use of single-use plastics has come under scrutiny in recent years, as the world grapples with the rising issue of plastic pollution. In a largely capitalized world that drives economic growth through capitalism and an extensive private sector, the risks associated with plastics in some areas of life have gone unaddressed for several decades. The problem of plastic pollution has attracted the immediate attention of not only the scientific community but also consumers, industry, and policymakers. What is Single-Use Plastics?

A straw with our iced coffee, a plastic bag to carry our takeout, a wrapper on a candy bar: Taken individually, each seems harmless however these modern conveniences hardly register in our minds, but they come with a steep environmental price.

Single-use plastic, often also referred to as disposable plastic, are plastic items that are discarded after being used only once or for a short period of time. These include but not limited to: plastic bags, straws, and cutlery provided by restaurants and retailers, take-out food containers and disposable coffee cups, plastic bottles, wrappers and packaging around food items and consumers’ goods. Others plastic products meant to be used briefly and then thrown away, like razors and hotel toiletries are also considered as Single-use Plastics.

Single-use plastics come in diverse forms and are used for multiple purposes like packaging and food packaging, and they are an integral part of daily living necessities, providing for the sanitation, hygiene, and other consumption needs of people all over the world. Single-use plastics are like one-hit wonders of the material world, designed to be used once and then to bid us a swift adieu. These disposable plastics come in various forms like straws, bags, bottles, and packaging that promise convenience but leave a lasting mark on the environment. Single-use plastics are the divas of convenience, meant for a brief shining moment in our lives before being tossed away unceremoniously. Single-use plastics are like the clingy exes of modern life – they seem to be everywhere you turn.

The plastic pollution crisis is becoming more than an environmental crisis but also an economic and social crisis. Now we cannot overlooked the situation. As it stands, every year, approximately eighty million tons of plastic packaging are produced globally. This feat entails an estimated average of twelve per cent of the original oil consumed to create the polymers in plastic applications. Similarly, approximately eight million tons of plastic end up in the world’s oceans each year, while the annually recycled plastics data currently stands at only nine per cent. By the year 2050, there will be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fish.

The problems of single-use plastic are diverse. From environmental to health, economic and social many single-use plastic products are made from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which are lightweight, cheap to produce, and durable. However, these properties also make disposable plastic persist in the environment and cause extensive pollution. Their

environmental impact has been exacerbated by a “throwaway” culture that has normalized excessive plastic waste. Single-use plastic poses a major environmental threat for several reasons:

·      They are rarely recycled- only about 14% of plastic packaging is collected for recycling globally. The rest often ends up in landfills or the natural environment.

·      They are not biodegradable - most disposable plastics can last for hundreds of years in the environment without breaking down.

·      They damage ecosystems - plastic waste harms wildlife on land and in oceans. Microplastic also enters food chains.

·      They exacerbate climate change: the production and incineration of plastic produces greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.

·      Up to 13 million metric tons of plastic enter our oceans each year. Plastic makes up to 80% of marine debris.

·      Plastic debris is found on ocean surfaces, seabed, and along coastlines worldwide. Even the Arctic sea ice contains microplastic.

In addition to environmental impacts, single-use plastics can also negatively affect human health:

·      Microplastic (plastic particles under 5mm) have been detected in many human organs and tissues. Impacts on human health are still being researched.

·      Microplastics found in the placentas of pregnant women can cross into the fetal circulation.

·      Humans ingest thousands of microplastic particles through food, water and air pollution every year.

·      Harmful chemicals like bisphenol A (BPA) and polystyrene can leach from plastic into food and drinks.

·      Phthalate added to some plastic is linked to allergies, asthma and breast cancer risks.

·      Plastic waste can serve as a vector for pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella to spread and persist in the environment.

The decision and process taken by the Lagos State government on single-use plastic as a policy initiative were aimed at reducing the amount of plastic that ends up in the landfills, because when people litter, the environment is the ultimate host. People do so without thinking about the long-term benefits of the environment as an asset, so eliminating single-use plastics becomes an added policy incentive as there have been previous efforts to reduce the amount of waste generated per person. It will become an incremental approach to various other strategies being applied to reduce plastic pollution. The implementation of a ban on single-use plastics in Lagos State marks a significant milestone in the global effort to combat plastic pollution and promote environmental sustainability.

 

As one of the most populous and economically vibrant states in Nigeria, Lagos faces immense challenges posed by the excessive use and disposal of single-use plastics. Why the ban, you ask? Well, besides the obvious eyesore plastic waste creates, it also wreaks havoc on the environment, harming wildlife, contaminating water sources, and contributing to climate change. By banning single-use plastics, Lagos State aims to reduce pollution, protect ecosystems, and promote sustainable living. It’s a win for everyone and Mother Nature!

 

 

To ensure the success of the single-use plastic ban, the Lagos State Government through the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources has been engaging with various stakeholders in the plastic value chain in the past months. Lagos State has put in place strict laws and regulations. Implementing a ban on single-use plastics requires a collective effort to this end, Lagos State has partnered with businesses, NGOs, and community groups to spread awareness, provide resources for sustainable practices, and foster a culture of environmental responsibility. Also, various buyback mechanisms for some selected single-use plastic will be rolled out to help businesses and producers in the plastic value chain cope with the ban. Through collaboration, the ban becomes more than just a rule-it becomes a movement for positive change.

 

For the faceless environmental champions who ask what are the alternatives for the ban?  A Yoruba adage says: Ohun Kan ladie Nje Kagbdo to de (A statement that one does not depend on somebody since one survived before the arrival of the person). We survived before the introduction of plastics so we will surely survive after the ban on plastic or total elimination of plastic. Let’s explore some of the alternatives we have:

 

Biodegradable and Compostable Alternatives: Out with the old, in with the eco-friendly! Businesses in Lagos State should start to exploring biodegradable and compostable alternatives to single-use plastics. From utensils made of cornstarch to packaging derived from plant-based materials, these alternatives offer a sustainable solution without compromising convenience.

Promoting Reusable Products and Packaging: Reduce, reuse, recycle – a mantra for a reason! By promoting reusable products and packaging, both businesses and consumers can significantly cut down on single-use plastic waste. Tote bags, stainless steel straws, and refillable containers are just a few examples of sustainable alternatives that help minimize our environmental footprint. Remember, every small change counts towards a plastic-free future!

 

Transitioning to a plastic-free environment presents both challenges and opportunities for businesses and industries in Lagos State. While there may be initial economic implications for businesses accustomed to using single-use plastics, there is also potential for innovation and investment in sustainable solutions. Since the implementation of the ban on Styrofoam in Lagos State, there have been notable successes in reducing waste and pollution levels, the ban has led to cleaner streets, reduced environmental degradation, and heightened public awareness about the impact of Styrofoam on the ecosystem.

To ensure the success of the ban on single-use plastic initiatives, it is essential to ensure that all stakeholders embrace alternatives, raise awareness, and overcome challenges. Lagos is setting a positive example for other States to follow in the global fight against plastic pollution. Through continued collaboration and commitment, we can strive towards a cleaner, healthier planet where the detrimental impacts of single-use plastics are significantly reduced. Let Lagos State's journey towards a plastic-free environment inspire us all to take meaningful actions in preserving our natural surroundings for the benefit of all.

 

 

#AGreaterLagosRising

Climate Apocalypse: Is Lagos Ready?

 

“According to CNBC: Nowhere for the water to go: Dubai flooding shows the world is failing a big climate change drainage test. “. Within the first quarter of 2024, the world has witness serious major environmental disaster. From the flooding in Dubai and Kenya to the unexpected cyclone in East Africa. From the heavy hail and flood in Saudi Arabia to the severe floods in Brazil which makes the country to witness the worst flooding in over 80 years clearly shows the world is battling a new world order. Climate change is battling high. From developing countries to well advance countries every nation is fighting for survival. Are we gradually witnessing a climate apocalypse? 

Lagos, with its bustling streets and vibrant energy, is facing its own climate woes. From floods to scorching heatwaves, the State continues to witness different climate situation. However, if Mother Nature's decided to throw chaotic block party in the city of Lagos? Are we fully prepare for the situation that will follow……

Although the occurrence of catastrophic climate changes is largely predictable, probability estimates of the aggregate amount of human suffering that will result from these changes are more likely problematic. These estimates depend crucially on local climate adaptation and mitigation efforts, both successful unilateral efforts as well as the possibility of making international adaptive transfers and mitigation payments. If sufficient future adaptation to almost desert-like conditions, including flood protection, for Nigerian cities does not occur, the resulting damages from Lagos' catastrophic climate change alone will likely exceed that of currently planned global nuclear conflict. These catastrophic risks would be orders of magnitude smaller if immediate, first generated efforts to reduce ongoing climate damages by reducing and eventually eliminating global warming through financially targeted international carbon taxes and their exploitation via possible regional and international carbon taxes.

Long-term climate damages and temperature estimates show that several populous cities in Nigeria, including Lagos and Kano, will almost certainly revert to desert-like conditions before the end of the 21st century in the absence of adequate mitigation or palliative adaptation efforts. This conclusion is based on standard mainstream models and climatological metropolitan historical data. It assumes the absence of large unilateral adaptation efforts that would protect these cities and their teeming inhabitants from potential climatic catastrophes, possibly with international assistance in the absence of ongoing national collaboration. While other parts of Nigeria and Africa will also experience serious climate change under these assumptions, this article focuses on the much more serious challenges confronting 30 to 40 million urban residents in the event of catastrophic climate side effects.

The state's vision on climate change is presented in the Lagos State Climate Action Plan 2020-2025 which clearly states the States action and plan to build resilient infrastructure in all public spectrums that will see an immediate response to climate threats, ensure that the state has resilient communities, and be able to protect the vulnerable groups in our society. The action plan also assess the strengths as well as the weaknesses, action strategies are then proposed specific to Lagos in order to facilitate the city's efforts in addressing the wider urban population. 

It is clearly known to all from all research and studies that the city will experience prolonged heat periods, high-intensity rainfall, stronger winds, and more frequent extreme weather events such as storms, ocean surges, hurricanes, as well as rainfall-related flooding. Since the impacts, global consequences, and specific impacts of climate change have been noticed, response strategies are a necessity for cities, which are at the greatest risk due to their high population concentrations. The whole world recognizes the effect climate change may have on the atmosphere, which will, in turn, impact the socio-economic systems. Building a Climate-ready Lagos is a challenge for environmentalist planner and all concern. Let's transform our city into a climate superhero. With sustainable practices, smart policies, and empowered communities, we can build a Lagos that's ready for whatever climate change throws our way. So, let's roll up our sleeves and get to work. Our future depends on it.

 

In conclusion, as Lagos grapples with the realities of a changing climate, it is clear that proactive measures and collaborative efforts are essential in building a resilient and sustainable future for the city. By addressing infrastructure vulnerabilities, enhancing public health preparedness, and implementing effective policies and community-based initiatives, Lagos can strive towards becoming a climate-ready metropolis that is equipped to withstand the challenges ahead. Through collective action and a commitment to adaptation, Lagos can pave the way for a more resilient urban environment in the face of climate apocalyptic threats.

FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND THE ROLE OF LAGOSIAN: WHY RESPONSE TIME MATTERS?

 

As the first-due engine arrives, the crew leader can see Mr & Mrs. Ologundudu waiting anxiously outside their house. Heavy smoke is venting from a first-floor window. Mrs. Ologundudu asking the crew do you have water? is your engine working? Without excitation, the engine operator positions the apparatus, the crew begin to stretch a line and the crew leader talks with Mrs. Ologundudu, who tells her we are professionals. She comment “you speak good English. Jokingly he said I am a graduate of Obafemi Awolowo University. With huge smiles and excitement she shouted great Ife. Within 3 min, the crew leader completes his 360-degree assessment, the total operation took just 25 min from the time the first-due truck arrives, within a period of 30 minutes, Mr. and Mrs. Ologundudu who are shouting on top of their voices had stated raising praises on the fire crew, neighbors bring drinks, the estate management offering cash reward and everyone talking about how effective the operation was.

This is a common scenario in fire situations across the State. A resident has a fire or emergency situation and calls the emergency line (mostly many do know the direct line to the nearest fire station) call intake information is gathered, the crews are dispatched, and firefighters turn out and arrive on scene to mitigate the situation. But hidden among these everyday actions are hundreds of data points, important clues to understanding whether the fire services has enough resources to address emergencies in the community.

 

On the 14^th December, 2023) like most days, Nigerians shows the educated illiterate syndrome that has always contribute to low responses time to fire emergency in Lagos State. On the highly busy Lekki-Epe expressway with vehicles ranging from highly luxury Bentley to the common commercial korope, its took the fire truck and average of 3-5 min to move from lekki Phase one to Ikate. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA Standard 1710) establishes an 80 second “turnout time” and 240 second “travel time” (together, 320 seconds or 5 minutes and 20 seconds “response time”). However, fire response time differs from city to city depending on geographical settings, density and other factors.

The above situation is becoming a daily occurrence in most part of Lagos and if urgent action is not taken emergency response time which should be the easier part of emergency procedure may become has become the bottle neck to it. Saving peoples lives is still the heart of firefighting. The primary purpose of the fire and rescue service is the prompt and efficient mobilisation of firefighters in response to a fire or other related incident, in order to save lives and protect property. This is a key aspect of public safety that must be understand by every citizen. Over the years, I have come to understand that the efficiency of our fire service is linked to the ability of the officers and the response time. However, opposite is the case.

In my over ten years of lecturing and researching on fire incident it has become evident that we has a people are making fire service work more difficult and more challenging for the fire men. Form lack of enforcement of fire regulation, to poor attention to fire issues. The fire service is now been reduce to the bottom of safety hierarchy. Early this year, a popular comedian house was involved in fire incident in one of the gated community in Lekki (I don’t call them estate because the don’t meet the standard of an estate). The fire service trucks could not enter the gated community easily because of poorly designed road infrastructure   . Regrettable few months before the incident, fire officers were denied access to some estate in the area when they wish serve notice of inspection.

Today, rapid urbanization and population growth are driving the construction of new buildings, with global building stocks expected to double in the next 15 to 20 years. While such trends will represent significant development advances and offer economic growth opportunities, concern remains regarding the resilience and safety of new and aging building stocks that will support the living environment and lifestyle of people. Driving around Lagos today and seeing how building and estates are constructed without proper regards to fire safety. It points me to the challenges that will be face by the fire service in the next 5 to 10 years. Look around you now, the windows and doors are becoming smaller, the roads are becoming smaller and narrower, estate and communities are designed without following standards regulations for fire safety.    

For example, the faster the fire service can respond and set up, the sooner they can begin to mitigate an incident. This should translate into increased safety for firefighters and occupants as well as decreased property loss and indirect business loss. The time taken to set up and sustain firefighting operations can be considerable for high-rises and other complex buildings. This time can be extended when the fire location is not obvious or is remote from the arrival location. Let look at some of the condition that contributes to effective fire prevention and see if our estate and communities meet up with the requirements.  

Many buildings are located on public streets that provide good access to at least one side in the case of an emergency, today cars are parked on most street. Fire officer have to practically start to beg residents to move their cars for fire trucks to access some building. This is more embarrassing in newly constructed estates especially in lekki and its environ. The entrance gates are too small the roads are not just there. In addition, another common observation is the road dimensions. The dimensions for roads and fire lanes that lead to a building must accommodate all apparatus that will use them. Spaces wider than the apparatus itself may be needed for several reasons. One is to enable apparatus to pass each other if necessary to facilitate developing and expanding operations. Near hydrants or other water sources, engine companies may need a wider area to facilitate hose connections, allow other fire service vehicles to pass, or permit water tenders to position alongside pumpers. Also proximity is very important when designing estate and gated community. It is important for fire apparatus to have close access to buildings to facilitate the stretching of hose lines, the use of a master stream device, or the placement of portable ladders. Long hose stretches can delay the time it takes to contain or extinguish a fire. Similarly, carrying ladders a long distance can delay access or rescue.

 

Additional in designing gated community or estate for the use of fire service, the following must be considered; turning radius: the minimum turning radius (inside and outside edges) for the most restrictive fire apparatus should be considered. Dead-end fire lanes or roads that exceed a certain length should have a means for fire apparatus to turn around. Turnarounds save considerable time when a fire apparatus. Traffic Calming Features such as Speed bumps/humps/tables, narrow road widths, curvy arrangements, and islands are traffic calming features used to control vehicular traffic speed most of such measures that slow traffic also hinder fire apparatus access, delaying their arrival to a fire scene.

 

Water is used to suppress most fires, so an adequate water supply is crucial to fire service operations. The supply must deliver an adequate amount of water through a distribution system to the locations needed. The system can serve manual firefighting (typically through fire hydrants), fire standpipe systems, fire sprinkler systems, other water-based suppression systems, and non-fire needs (industrial, commercial, domestic, etc.). It is sadden to known that most estate and communities are constructed without plan for fire hydrants. It’s not recommended that fire engines has to travel distance to get water for replenishing.  

For us to have a good firefighting system we need to put in place a well structure firefighting system and developed a firefighting strategy. In a bustling metropolis like Lagos, where the population is rapidly growing, the need for a robust fire safety management strategy becomes even more imperative. A fire safety management strategy encompasses a range of measures designed to prevent, detect, and respond to fires. It involves conducting risk assessments to identify fire hazards, implementing preventive measures like fire alarms and extinguishers, establishing emergency evacuation plans, and ensuring adequate training for individuals and communities. Lagosians play a vital role in fire safety management. As individuals living and working in Lagos, it is our responsibility to be aware of potential fire hazards and take necessary precautions to prevent fires. This includes adhering to safety guidelines, practicing good housekeeping, and promptly reporting any fire hazards or incidents to the appropriate authorities.

Furthermore, raising awareness among Lagosians about fire safety is crucial. This can be achieved through public education campaigns, workshops, and community engagement programs to ensure that everyone understands the importance of fire safety and their role in preventing and responding to fire emergencies. Collaboration between Lagosians and authorities, including fire services, is essential for effective fire safety management. Lagosians should actively engage with the authorities by reporting potential fire hazards, participating in fire drills, and following safety instructions during emergencies. By working hand-in-hand with the fire services, Lagosian can contribute to faster response times and more efficient handling of fire incidents. This collaboration also involves being knowledgeable about emergency contact numbers, establishing communication channels with local fire stations, and supporting efforts to improve fire infrastructure and resources in the city.

 

In conclusion, the effective management of fire incidents in Lagos requires a collective effort and a comprehensive strategy. Lagosians play a vital role in fire safety management, both in terms of their responsibility and awareness. To ensure a safer Lagos, fire safety management must be a priority. By implementing advanced technology and systems, providing training for firefighters, building awareness among Lagosians, and strengthening emergency response systems and infrastructure, we can enhance fire safety in the city. However, this requires the collaboration and active participation of all Lagosians. Together, we can make a significant difference in ensuring a fire-safe environment for everyone. So, let's blaze a trail towards a safer Lagos! Let be safe its dry, the dry season is here.

 

IMPACT OF HAWKING AND STREET VENDING ON FOOD SAFETY IN LAGOS STATE

 

INTRODUCTION

Nigeria is bless with many street food, from: Suya to Akara and Agege bread. ... From Roasted Plantain and Groundnut (Boli and Epa), Abacha and Ugba, Puff puff, Okpa, Roasted or boiled corn with pear. ... Regardless of the circumstances, it is undeniable that Nigerian street food is truly heavenly. Before your mouth starts watering, Nigeria is the best destination for street food in Africa. So, whether you prefer a casual dining experience or a quick bite before embarking on your journey, the street provides a varieties of food with undeniable taste. However, one key important factor about the food is the safety. How safe are food sold on most Nigeria streets?

 

Street food provides a convenient diet for many people in developing countries and approximately 2.5 billion people eat street food every day, with the consumption supporting the livelihood of millions of low income people and contributing greatly to the economy. Street food safety remains a major concern in developing countries, including Nigeria. Nigerian’s food culture has a long history of street food. Most cities provide street food for many and street food has become part of the characteristic Nigerian culture. Therefore, street food safety has become a matter of safety concern, and has been shown to be served in poor food handling and unsanitary conditions. Most street food vendors are relatively uneducated and often uninformed, and have little effective regulatory or supervisory oversight.

 

In some developing countries, especially Nigeria. Street food has been associated with outbreaks of foodborne diseases. High levels of coliform bacteria have been found in street food in several countries and street food has been identified as a common medium for transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. The practice has evolved and adapted over the years, with informal food trade becoming an integral part of the city's vibrant culture and economy. Hawking and street vending are widespread in Lagos State, with countless individuals relying on this informal sector for their livelihood. From small food kiosks to mobile cart and basket balanced on heads, street vendor’s transverse the city, offering a wide variety of goods, including food and beverages.

 

The Importance of Food Safety in Lagos State

 

Food safety is all about keeping out meals safe and free from anything that could harm us. It involves the proper handling, preparation, and storage of food to prevent contamination and spread of foodborne illnesses. In simple terms, it’s like having a personal bodyguard for your stomach. While it's easy to take our meals for granted, food safety awareness is crucial for our well-being. Knowing how to handle and prepare food safely can significantly reduce the risk of getting sick. Plus, it's not just about your own health, but also about protecting others who may share the same meal. So let's avoid becoming the unwitting carriers of stomach sabotage, shall we?

 Consuming unsafe food poses significant health risks, ranging from gastrointestinal problems to more severe illnesses such as food poisoning. In a densely populated city like Lagos State, where diseases can spread easily, ensuring food safety is crucial for protecting public health. Foodborne illnesses not only harm individuals but also have a detrimental impact on the economy. Outbreaks of foodborne diseases can lead to reduced productivity, increased healthcare costs, and damage to the reputation of the food industry. Therefore, prioritizing food safety is essential for sustainable economic growth.

Implications of Hawking and Street Vending on Food Safety in Lagos State

The informal nature of hawking and street vending in Lagos State has been associated with a higher prevalence of foodborne illnesses. Due to the challenges mentioned earlier, the risk of food contamination and subsequent health issues is elevated, impacting the overall well-being of the population. Food safety concerns surrounding hawking and street vending can erode consumer trust and confidence in street food. Consumers may hesitate to indulge in these culinary delights, fearing the potential risks to their health. This loss of trust can have adverse effects on the livelihoods of street vendors and the local economy.

 What is the way forward?

To ensure food safety in hawking and street vending, it's crucial to strengthen the existing regulatory frameworks and improve enforcement mechanisms. This can involve stricter penalties for non-compliance, regular inspections, and streamlined processes for reporting and addressing food safety concerns. By making the regulations more robust and ensuring their effective implementation, we can create a safer environment for both vendors and consumers.

Collaboration between the government and street vendors is key for sustainable improvement in food safety practices. It's essential to involve vendors in the decision-making process, seeking their input and understanding their challenges. By fostering a collaborative approach, we can develop solutions that are practical and feasible for vendors while still ensuring high food safety standards. Encouraging open communication and providing support to vendors can go a long way in building trust and achieving shared goals.

 

In conclusion, addressing the impact of hawking and street vending on food safety in Lagos State is crucial for safeguarding public health and promoting consumer confidence in street food. While challenges exist, such as inadequate infrastructure and limited resources, there are promising initiatives and recommendations that can significantly improve food safety practices. It is imperative for the government, street vendors, and the public to collaborate and prioritize the implementation of robust regulations, education, and awareness campaigns. By doing so, Lagos State can enhance the safety and quality of its street food, ensuring a healthier and more enjoyable culinary experience for all.

LAGOS AND THE MENACE OF SINGLE-USE PLASTIC (SUPs): CAN A DEPOSIT SCHEME BE AN OPTION?

 

In 2018, 17 coastal West African countries generated 6.9 million tons of plastic waste, with Nigeria alone accounting for 4.7 million tons per year. Of this, 20% was produced within 30 km of the coast, with most of it ending up in the ocean

(https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2023/07/12/we-are-losing-our-treasure-the-west-african-coastal-areas-tackle-plastic-waste)

Lagos, the vibrant and bustling megacity of Nigeria, is no stranger to the convenience of single-use plastics. From plastic bags and straws to food packaging and sachet water, these disposable items have become an integral part of our daily lives. The growing demand for convenience has led to a significant increase in the consumption of Single-Use Plastics SUPs) in Lagos, exacerbating an already dire situation. But with convenience comes consequences, and the menace of single-use plastics is taking a toll on Lagos' environment and public health. Plastic pollution has become a pervasive problem, clogging our waterways, polluting our landfills, and endangering our wildlife.

 

Single-use plastics (SUPs), often also referred to as disposable plastics, are commonly used for plastic packaging and include items intended to be used only once before they are thrown away or recycled. They include everyday items such as grocery bags, food packaging, drink bottles, straws, containers, cups, plates and cutlery that are usually disposed of after one use. The polymers mainly used in the production of SUPs include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene and expanded polystyrene. The widespread use of SUP occurs mainly because of its versatility as a material and its low price point. In Lagos, it is estimated that over 1,500 water-sachet factories with about 60 million sachets being consumed daily.

Specific data on the share of SUP in the overall plastic waste stream have been hard to come by. Nevertheless, it is estimated that plastic constitutes about 20 per cent of the solid waste stream in Nigeria. Plastic waste finds its way into Lagos' water bodies, contributing to the pollution of rivers, lakes, and the ocean. These plastics persist for hundreds of years, breaking down into smaller microplastics that contaminate the water and harm marine life. Photographic evidence clearly shows that Lagos' landfills are overwhelmed with plastic waste, causing landfill overflow and contaminating surrounding ecosystems. The inefficient disposal and lack of proper waste management infrastructure lead to plastic waste seeping into the soil, releasing harmful toxins and posing a threat to plants, animals, and ultimately, human health.

 

Aside from this, the adverse health effects of single-use plastic waste cannot be ignored. Chemicals present in plastics, such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), can leach into food and beverages, potentially disrupting the endocrine system and causing hormonal imbalances. Additionally, the ingestion of microplastics through food and water has raised concerns about their long-term health implications, including inflammation, immune system disruptions, and even carcinogenic effects. 

Lagos faces significant challenges in managing the mounting plastic waste. While efforts have been made to establish waste management infrastructure, including recycling plants and waste collection centers, the existing systems are often inadequate to handle the sheer volume of plastic waste generated by the city. Collecting plastic waste is no easy task in a city as sprawling and densely populated as Lagos. Insufficient waste collection and recycling facilities, coupled with a lack of public participation, hinder effective plastic waste management. The overall lack of awareness about the importance of recycling and the absence of incentives for waste segregation further compound the challenge. Although there are some regulation in place to tackle plastic pollution, the enforcement of these rules remains a challenge. Limited awareness and education regarding the environmental impact of plastic waste, coupled with lax enforcement, allows the proliferation of single-use plastics to persist unchecked.

However, one of the key steps in addressing the menace of single-use plastics is promoting a shift towards reusable alternatives. Encouraging the use of reusable bags, bottles, and food containers can significantly reduce the consumption of single-use plastics, mitigating their environmental impact and fostering a more sustainable lifestyle. Also, compostable and biodegradable alternatives provide additional sustainable options. These materials break down naturally, reducing their environmental impact compared to traditional plastic. Encouraging the adoption of compostable and biodegradable products can help combat plastic pollution and minimize the long-term consequences on Lagos' environment.

According to Jamie Hailstone in Forbes and i quote “Do you remember a time when you could buy fizzy drinks in large glass bottles, and then, when they were empty, you would take them back to the corner shop and get a shiny coin for your troubles? Of course, most of those coins were promptly spent on more fizzy drinks and/or sweets, but that’s another story for another day. The point is that deposit return schemes are not a new idea. They have been around for decades. In many countries, they have been hailed for both improving the quality of recycling materials and reducing litter rates at the same time, but not every nation or municipality operates one. Nobody is pretending that such schemes are a “silver bullet” and will solve the plastic waste crisis on their own, but they do have a role to play in a large and complicated issue. And as pressure grows for the world to move to a more circular economy, surely deposit return schemes are a no-brainer?”

(https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiehailstone/2022/05/16/deposit-return-schemes-are-a-win-win-for-the-environment-so-why-isnt-everyone-doing-them/?sh=2990e7ed6c4a)

To tackle the plastic waste crisis, Lagos should embrace innovative approach such as Deposit Scheme. Deposit schemes provide a small refund to consumers when a plastic item is returned to an authorized collection point. Deposit schemes are systems where consumers pay a small amount of money upfront, to be reimbursed to them when they bring the container to a collection point once they have finished using it. The container can then be recycled and transformed into secondary raw materials. The deposit refund scheme system is an application of the polluter-pays principle, where people are economically incentivized to recycle rather than to waste. Lagos may be grappling with the menace of single-use plastic, but we are not powerless. By implementing stronger policies, engaging the community, and learning from successful case studies, we can create a future where plastic pollution is a thing of the past. It won't be easy, but as Lagosian, we're no strangers to overcoming challenges. Together, let's create a cleaner, greener, and plastic-free Lagos for generations to come.

 

In conclusion, tackling the menace of single-use plastic in Lagos requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach. By implementing sustainable alternatives, strengthening waste management policies, engaging communities, and learning from successful case studies, we can pave the way towards a plastic-free future for Lagos. It is crucial for individuals, businesses, and the government to join forces in reducing plastic consumption, promoting recycling, and embracing a circular economy. With concerted efforts and collective responsibility, we can protect our environment, preserve the health of our communities, and ensure a sustainable and prosperous Lagos for generations to come. Let us take action today for a cleaner, healthier, and plastic-free Lagos tomorrow.