Climate Apocalypse: Is Lagos Ready?

 

“According to CNBC: Nowhere for the water to go: Dubai flooding shows the world is failing a big climate change drainage test. “. Within the first quarter of 2024, the world has witness serious major environmental disaster. From the flooding in Dubai and Kenya to the unexpected cyclone in East Africa. From the heavy hail and flood in Saudi Arabia to the severe floods in Brazil which makes the country to witness the worst flooding in over 80 years clearly shows the world is battling a new world order. Climate change is battling high. From developing countries to well advance countries every nation is fighting for survival. Are we gradually witnessing a climate apocalypse? 

Lagos, with its bustling streets and vibrant energy, is facing its own climate woes. From floods to scorching heatwaves, the State continues to witness different climate situation. However, if Mother Nature's decided to throw chaotic block party in the city of Lagos? Are we fully prepare for the situation that will follow……

Although the occurrence of catastrophic climate changes is largely predictable, probability estimates of the aggregate amount of human suffering that will result from these changes are more likely problematic. These estimates depend crucially on local climate adaptation and mitigation efforts, both successful unilateral efforts as well as the possibility of making international adaptive transfers and mitigation payments. If sufficient future adaptation to almost desert-like conditions, including flood protection, for Nigerian cities does not occur, the resulting damages from Lagos' catastrophic climate change alone will likely exceed that of currently planned global nuclear conflict. These catastrophic risks would be orders of magnitude smaller if immediate, first generated efforts to reduce ongoing climate damages by reducing and eventually eliminating global warming through financially targeted international carbon taxes and their exploitation via possible regional and international carbon taxes.

Long-term climate damages and temperature estimates show that several populous cities in Nigeria, including Lagos and Kano, will almost certainly revert to desert-like conditions before the end of the 21st century in the absence of adequate mitigation or palliative adaptation efforts. This conclusion is based on standard mainstream models and climatological metropolitan historical data. It assumes the absence of large unilateral adaptation efforts that would protect these cities and their teeming inhabitants from potential climatic catastrophes, possibly with international assistance in the absence of ongoing national collaboration. While other parts of Nigeria and Africa will also experience serious climate change under these assumptions, this article focuses on the much more serious challenges confronting 30 to 40 million urban residents in the event of catastrophic climate side effects.

The state's vision on climate change is presented in the Lagos State Climate Action Plan 2020-2025 which clearly states the States action and plan to build resilient infrastructure in all public spectrums that will see an immediate response to climate threats, ensure that the state has resilient communities, and be able to protect the vulnerable groups in our society. The action plan also assess the strengths as well as the weaknesses, action strategies are then proposed specific to Lagos in order to facilitate the city's efforts in addressing the wider urban population. 

It is clearly known to all from all research and studies that the city will experience prolonged heat periods, high-intensity rainfall, stronger winds, and more frequent extreme weather events such as storms, ocean surges, hurricanes, as well as rainfall-related flooding. Since the impacts, global consequences, and specific impacts of climate change have been noticed, response strategies are a necessity for cities, which are at the greatest risk due to their high population concentrations. The whole world recognizes the effect climate change may have on the atmosphere, which will, in turn, impact the socio-economic systems. Building a Climate-ready Lagos is a challenge for environmentalist planner and all concern. Let's transform our city into a climate superhero. With sustainable practices, smart policies, and empowered communities, we can build a Lagos that's ready for whatever climate change throws our way. So, let's roll up our sleeves and get to work. Our future depends on it.

 

In conclusion, as Lagos grapples with the realities of a changing climate, it is clear that proactive measures and collaborative efforts are essential in building a resilient and sustainable future for the city. By addressing infrastructure vulnerabilities, enhancing public health preparedness, and implementing effective policies and community-based initiatives, Lagos can strive towards becoming a climate-ready metropolis that is equipped to withstand the challenges ahead. Through collective action and a commitment to adaptation, Lagos can pave the way for a more resilient urban environment in the face of climate apocalyptic threats.

FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND THE ROLE OF LAGOSIAN: WHY RESPONSE TIME MATTERS?

 

As the first-due engine arrives, the crew leader can see Mr & Mrs. Ologundudu waiting anxiously outside their house. Heavy smoke is venting from a first-floor window. Mrs. Ologundudu asking the crew do you have water? is your engine working? Without excitation, the engine operator positions the apparatus, the crew begin to stretch a line and the crew leader talks with Mrs. Ologundudu, who tells her we are professionals. She comment “you speak good English. Jokingly he said I am a graduate of Obafemi Awolowo University. With huge smiles and excitement she shouted great Ife. Within 3 min, the crew leader completes his 360-degree assessment, the total operation took just 25 min from the time the first-due truck arrives, within a period of 30 minutes, Mr. and Mrs. Ologundudu who are shouting on top of their voices had stated raising praises on the fire crew, neighbors bring drinks, the estate management offering cash reward and everyone talking about how effective the operation was.

This is a common scenario in fire situations across the State. A resident has a fire or emergency situation and calls the emergency line (mostly many do know the direct line to the nearest fire station) call intake information is gathered, the crews are dispatched, and firefighters turn out and arrive on scene to mitigate the situation. But hidden among these everyday actions are hundreds of data points, important clues to understanding whether the fire services has enough resources to address emergencies in the community.

 

On the 14^th December, 2023) like most days, Nigerians shows the educated illiterate syndrome that has always contribute to low responses time to fire emergency in Lagos State. On the highly busy Lekki-Epe expressway with vehicles ranging from highly luxury Bentley to the common commercial korope, its took the fire truck and average of 3-5 min to move from lekki Phase one to Ikate. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA Standard 1710) establishes an 80 second “turnout time” and 240 second “travel time” (together, 320 seconds or 5 minutes and 20 seconds “response time”). However, fire response time differs from city to city depending on geographical settings, density and other factors.

The above situation is becoming a daily occurrence in most part of Lagos and if urgent action is not taken emergency response time which should be the easier part of emergency procedure may become has become the bottle neck to it. Saving peoples lives is still the heart of firefighting. The primary purpose of the fire and rescue service is the prompt and efficient mobilisation of firefighters in response to a fire or other related incident, in order to save lives and protect property. This is a key aspect of public safety that must be understand by every citizen. Over the years, I have come to understand that the efficiency of our fire service is linked to the ability of the officers and the response time. However, opposite is the case.

In my over ten years of lecturing and researching on fire incident it has become evident that we has a people are making fire service work more difficult and more challenging for the fire men. Form lack of enforcement of fire regulation, to poor attention to fire issues. The fire service is now been reduce to the bottom of safety hierarchy. Early this year, a popular comedian house was involved in fire incident in one of the gated community in Lekki (I don’t call them estate because the don’t meet the standard of an estate). The fire service trucks could not enter the gated community easily because of poorly designed road infrastructure   . Regrettable few months before the incident, fire officers were denied access to some estate in the area when they wish serve notice of inspection.

Today, rapid urbanization and population growth are driving the construction of new buildings, with global building stocks expected to double in the next 15 to 20 years. While such trends will represent significant development advances and offer economic growth opportunities, concern remains regarding the resilience and safety of new and aging building stocks that will support the living environment and lifestyle of people. Driving around Lagos today and seeing how building and estates are constructed without proper regards to fire safety. It points me to the challenges that will be face by the fire service in the next 5 to 10 years. Look around you now, the windows and doors are becoming smaller, the roads are becoming smaller and narrower, estate and communities are designed without following standards regulations for fire safety.    

For example, the faster the fire service can respond and set up, the sooner they can begin to mitigate an incident. This should translate into increased safety for firefighters and occupants as well as decreased property loss and indirect business loss. The time taken to set up and sustain firefighting operations can be considerable for high-rises and other complex buildings. This time can be extended when the fire location is not obvious or is remote from the arrival location. Let look at some of the condition that contributes to effective fire prevention and see if our estate and communities meet up with the requirements.  

Many buildings are located on public streets that provide good access to at least one side in the case of an emergency, today cars are parked on most street. Fire officer have to practically start to beg residents to move their cars for fire trucks to access some building. This is more embarrassing in newly constructed estates especially in lekki and its environ. The entrance gates are too small the roads are not just there. In addition, another common observation is the road dimensions. The dimensions for roads and fire lanes that lead to a building must accommodate all apparatus that will use them. Spaces wider than the apparatus itself may be needed for several reasons. One is to enable apparatus to pass each other if necessary to facilitate developing and expanding operations. Near hydrants or other water sources, engine companies may need a wider area to facilitate hose connections, allow other fire service vehicles to pass, or permit water tenders to position alongside pumpers. Also proximity is very important when designing estate and gated community. It is important for fire apparatus to have close access to buildings to facilitate the stretching of hose lines, the use of a master stream device, or the placement of portable ladders. Long hose stretches can delay the time it takes to contain or extinguish a fire. Similarly, carrying ladders a long distance can delay access or rescue.

 

Additional in designing gated community or estate for the use of fire service, the following must be considered; turning radius: the minimum turning radius (inside and outside edges) for the most restrictive fire apparatus should be considered. Dead-end fire lanes or roads that exceed a certain length should have a means for fire apparatus to turn around. Turnarounds save considerable time when a fire apparatus. Traffic Calming Features such as Speed bumps/humps/tables, narrow road widths, curvy arrangements, and islands are traffic calming features used to control vehicular traffic speed most of such measures that slow traffic also hinder fire apparatus access, delaying their arrival to a fire scene.

 

Water is used to suppress most fires, so an adequate water supply is crucial to fire service operations. The supply must deliver an adequate amount of water through a distribution system to the locations needed. The system can serve manual firefighting (typically through fire hydrants), fire standpipe systems, fire sprinkler systems, other water-based suppression systems, and non-fire needs (industrial, commercial, domestic, etc.). It is sadden to known that most estate and communities are constructed without plan for fire hydrants. It’s not recommended that fire engines has to travel distance to get water for replenishing.  

For us to have a good firefighting system we need to put in place a well structure firefighting system and developed a firefighting strategy. In a bustling metropolis like Lagos, where the population is rapidly growing, the need for a robust fire safety management strategy becomes even more imperative. A fire safety management strategy encompasses a range of measures designed to prevent, detect, and respond to fires. It involves conducting risk assessments to identify fire hazards, implementing preventive measures like fire alarms and extinguishers, establishing emergency evacuation plans, and ensuring adequate training for individuals and communities. Lagosians play a vital role in fire safety management. As individuals living and working in Lagos, it is our responsibility to be aware of potential fire hazards and take necessary precautions to prevent fires. This includes adhering to safety guidelines, practicing good housekeeping, and promptly reporting any fire hazards or incidents to the appropriate authorities.

Furthermore, raising awareness among Lagosians about fire safety is crucial. This can be achieved through public education campaigns, workshops, and community engagement programs to ensure that everyone understands the importance of fire safety and their role in preventing and responding to fire emergencies. Collaboration between Lagosians and authorities, including fire services, is essential for effective fire safety management. Lagosians should actively engage with the authorities by reporting potential fire hazards, participating in fire drills, and following safety instructions during emergencies. By working hand-in-hand with the fire services, Lagosian can contribute to faster response times and more efficient handling of fire incidents. This collaboration also involves being knowledgeable about emergency contact numbers, establishing communication channels with local fire stations, and supporting efforts to improve fire infrastructure and resources in the city.

 

In conclusion, the effective management of fire incidents in Lagos requires a collective effort and a comprehensive strategy. Lagosians play a vital role in fire safety management, both in terms of their responsibility and awareness. To ensure a safer Lagos, fire safety management must be a priority. By implementing advanced technology and systems, providing training for firefighters, building awareness among Lagosians, and strengthening emergency response systems and infrastructure, we can enhance fire safety in the city. However, this requires the collaboration and active participation of all Lagosians. Together, we can make a significant difference in ensuring a fire-safe environment for everyone. So, let's blaze a trail towards a safer Lagos! Let be safe its dry, the dry season is here.

 

IMPACT OF HAWKING AND STREET VENDING ON FOOD SAFETY IN LAGOS STATE

 

INTRODUCTION

Nigeria is bless with many street food, from: Suya to Akara and Agege bread. ... From Roasted Plantain and Groundnut (Boli and Epa), Abacha and Ugba, Puff puff, Okpa, Roasted or boiled corn with pear. ... Regardless of the circumstances, it is undeniable that Nigerian street food is truly heavenly. Before your mouth starts watering, Nigeria is the best destination for street food in Africa. So, whether you prefer a casual dining experience or a quick bite before embarking on your journey, the street provides a varieties of food with undeniable taste. However, one key important factor about the food is the safety. How safe are food sold on most Nigeria streets?

 

Street food provides a convenient diet for many people in developing countries and approximately 2.5 billion people eat street food every day, with the consumption supporting the livelihood of millions of low income people and contributing greatly to the economy. Street food safety remains a major concern in developing countries, including Nigeria. Nigerian’s food culture has a long history of street food. Most cities provide street food for many and street food has become part of the characteristic Nigerian culture. Therefore, street food safety has become a matter of safety concern, and has been shown to be served in poor food handling and unsanitary conditions. Most street food vendors are relatively uneducated and often uninformed, and have little effective regulatory or supervisory oversight.

 

In some developing countries, especially Nigeria. Street food has been associated with outbreaks of foodborne diseases. High levels of coliform bacteria have been found in street food in several countries and street food has been identified as a common medium for transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. The practice has evolved and adapted over the years, with informal food trade becoming an integral part of the city's vibrant culture and economy. Hawking and street vending are widespread in Lagos State, with countless individuals relying on this informal sector for their livelihood. From small food kiosks to mobile cart and basket balanced on heads, street vendor’s transverse the city, offering a wide variety of goods, including food and beverages.

 

The Importance of Food Safety in Lagos State

 

Food safety is all about keeping out meals safe and free from anything that could harm us. It involves the proper handling, preparation, and storage of food to prevent contamination and spread of foodborne illnesses. In simple terms, it’s like having a personal bodyguard for your stomach. While it's easy to take our meals for granted, food safety awareness is crucial for our well-being. Knowing how to handle and prepare food safely can significantly reduce the risk of getting sick. Plus, it's not just about your own health, but also about protecting others who may share the same meal. So let's avoid becoming the unwitting carriers of stomach sabotage, shall we?

 Consuming unsafe food poses significant health risks, ranging from gastrointestinal problems to more severe illnesses such as food poisoning. In a densely populated city like Lagos State, where diseases can spread easily, ensuring food safety is crucial for protecting public health. Foodborne illnesses not only harm individuals but also have a detrimental impact on the economy. Outbreaks of foodborne diseases can lead to reduced productivity, increased healthcare costs, and damage to the reputation of the food industry. Therefore, prioritizing food safety is essential for sustainable economic growth.

Implications of Hawking and Street Vending on Food Safety in Lagos State

The informal nature of hawking and street vending in Lagos State has been associated with a higher prevalence of foodborne illnesses. Due to the challenges mentioned earlier, the risk of food contamination and subsequent health issues is elevated, impacting the overall well-being of the population. Food safety concerns surrounding hawking and street vending can erode consumer trust and confidence in street food. Consumers may hesitate to indulge in these culinary delights, fearing the potential risks to their health. This loss of trust can have adverse effects on the livelihoods of street vendors and the local economy.

 What is the way forward?

To ensure food safety in hawking and street vending, it's crucial to strengthen the existing regulatory frameworks and improve enforcement mechanisms. This can involve stricter penalties for non-compliance, regular inspections, and streamlined processes for reporting and addressing food safety concerns. By making the regulations more robust and ensuring their effective implementation, we can create a safer environment for both vendors and consumers.

Collaboration between the government and street vendors is key for sustainable improvement in food safety practices. It's essential to involve vendors in the decision-making process, seeking their input and understanding their challenges. By fostering a collaborative approach, we can develop solutions that are practical and feasible for vendors while still ensuring high food safety standards. Encouraging open communication and providing support to vendors can go a long way in building trust and achieving shared goals.

 

In conclusion, addressing the impact of hawking and street vending on food safety in Lagos State is crucial for safeguarding public health and promoting consumer confidence in street food. While challenges exist, such as inadequate infrastructure and limited resources, there are promising initiatives and recommendations that can significantly improve food safety practices. It is imperative for the government, street vendors, and the public to collaborate and prioritize the implementation of robust regulations, education, and awareness campaigns. By doing so, Lagos State can enhance the safety and quality of its street food, ensuring a healthier and more enjoyable culinary experience for all.

LAGOS AND THE MENACE OF SINGLE-USE PLASTIC (SUPs): CAN A DEPOSIT SCHEME BE AN OPTION?

 

In 2018, 17 coastal West African countries generated 6.9 million tons of plastic waste, with Nigeria alone accounting for 4.7 million tons per year. Of this, 20% was produced within 30 km of the coast, with most of it ending up in the ocean

(https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2023/07/12/we-are-losing-our-treasure-the-west-african-coastal-areas-tackle-plastic-waste)

Lagos, the vibrant and bustling megacity of Nigeria, is no stranger to the convenience of single-use plastics. From plastic bags and straws to food packaging and sachet water, these disposable items have become an integral part of our daily lives. The growing demand for convenience has led to a significant increase in the consumption of Single-Use Plastics SUPs) in Lagos, exacerbating an already dire situation. But with convenience comes consequences, and the menace of single-use plastics is taking a toll on Lagos' environment and public health. Plastic pollution has become a pervasive problem, clogging our waterways, polluting our landfills, and endangering our wildlife.

 

Single-use plastics (SUPs), often also referred to as disposable plastics, are commonly used for plastic packaging and include items intended to be used only once before they are thrown away or recycled. They include everyday items such as grocery bags, food packaging, drink bottles, straws, containers, cups, plates and cutlery that are usually disposed of after one use. The polymers mainly used in the production of SUPs include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene and expanded polystyrene. The widespread use of SUP occurs mainly because of its versatility as a material and its low price point. In Lagos, it is estimated that over 1,500 water-sachet factories with about 60 million sachets being consumed daily.

Specific data on the share of SUP in the overall plastic waste stream have been hard to come by. Nevertheless, it is estimated that plastic constitutes about 20 per cent of the solid waste stream in Nigeria. Plastic waste finds its way into Lagos' water bodies, contributing to the pollution of rivers, lakes, and the ocean. These plastics persist for hundreds of years, breaking down into smaller microplastics that contaminate the water and harm marine life. Photographic evidence clearly shows that Lagos' landfills are overwhelmed with plastic waste, causing landfill overflow and contaminating surrounding ecosystems. The inefficient disposal and lack of proper waste management infrastructure lead to plastic waste seeping into the soil, releasing harmful toxins and posing a threat to plants, animals, and ultimately, human health.

 

Aside from this, the adverse health effects of single-use plastic waste cannot be ignored. Chemicals present in plastics, such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), can leach into food and beverages, potentially disrupting the endocrine system and causing hormonal imbalances. Additionally, the ingestion of microplastics through food and water has raised concerns about their long-term health implications, including inflammation, immune system disruptions, and even carcinogenic effects. 

Lagos faces significant challenges in managing the mounting plastic waste. While efforts have been made to establish waste management infrastructure, including recycling plants and waste collection centers, the existing systems are often inadequate to handle the sheer volume of plastic waste generated by the city. Collecting plastic waste is no easy task in a city as sprawling and densely populated as Lagos. Insufficient waste collection and recycling facilities, coupled with a lack of public participation, hinder effective plastic waste management. The overall lack of awareness about the importance of recycling and the absence of incentives for waste segregation further compound the challenge. Although there are some regulation in place to tackle plastic pollution, the enforcement of these rules remains a challenge. Limited awareness and education regarding the environmental impact of plastic waste, coupled with lax enforcement, allows the proliferation of single-use plastics to persist unchecked.

However, one of the key steps in addressing the menace of single-use plastics is promoting a shift towards reusable alternatives. Encouraging the use of reusable bags, bottles, and food containers can significantly reduce the consumption of single-use plastics, mitigating their environmental impact and fostering a more sustainable lifestyle. Also, compostable and biodegradable alternatives provide additional sustainable options. These materials break down naturally, reducing their environmental impact compared to traditional plastic. Encouraging the adoption of compostable and biodegradable products can help combat plastic pollution and minimize the long-term consequences on Lagos' environment.

According to Jamie Hailstone in Forbes and i quote “Do you remember a time when you could buy fizzy drinks in large glass bottles, and then, when they were empty, you would take them back to the corner shop and get a shiny coin for your troubles? Of course, most of those coins were promptly spent on more fizzy drinks and/or sweets, but that’s another story for another day. The point is that deposit return schemes are not a new idea. They have been around for decades. In many countries, they have been hailed for both improving the quality of recycling materials and reducing litter rates at the same time, but not every nation or municipality operates one. Nobody is pretending that such schemes are a “silver bullet” and will solve the plastic waste crisis on their own, but they do have a role to play in a large and complicated issue. And as pressure grows for the world to move to a more circular economy, surely deposit return schemes are a no-brainer?”

(https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiehailstone/2022/05/16/deposit-return-schemes-are-a-win-win-for-the-environment-so-why-isnt-everyone-doing-them/?sh=2990e7ed6c4a)

To tackle the plastic waste crisis, Lagos should embrace innovative approach such as Deposit Scheme. Deposit schemes provide a small refund to consumers when a plastic item is returned to an authorized collection point. Deposit schemes are systems where consumers pay a small amount of money upfront, to be reimbursed to them when they bring the container to a collection point once they have finished using it. The container can then be recycled and transformed into secondary raw materials. The deposit refund scheme system is an application of the polluter-pays principle, where people are economically incentivized to recycle rather than to waste. Lagos may be grappling with the menace of single-use plastic, but we are not powerless. By implementing stronger policies, engaging the community, and learning from successful case studies, we can create a future where plastic pollution is a thing of the past. It won't be easy, but as Lagosian, we're no strangers to overcoming challenges. Together, let's create a cleaner, greener, and plastic-free Lagos for generations to come.

 

In conclusion, tackling the menace of single-use plastic in Lagos requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach. By implementing sustainable alternatives, strengthening waste management policies, engaging communities, and learning from successful case studies, we can pave the way towards a plastic-free future for Lagos. It is crucial for individuals, businesses, and the government to join forces in reducing plastic consumption, promoting recycling, and embracing a circular economy. With concerted efforts and collective responsibility, we can protect our environment, preserve the health of our communities, and ensure a sustainable and prosperous Lagos for generations to come. Let us take action today for a cleaner, healthier, and plastic-free Lagos tomorrow.

URBAN WETLANDS KEEP CITIES AFLOAT.

Look very well at the image above and it’s relatable to Lagos. Naturally, Lagos is designed to be well protected from flooding. However, our greed and lack of environmental consciousness have led us to where we are now. Now I am afraid my beloved city may be under water.

Much of Lagos’ natural waterfront consists of wetlands, the biologically rich area where water and land meet. They typically serve functions such as controlling floods, capturing stormwater runoff, moderating storm surges, providing habitat for local and migratory birds, fish and other wildlife, helping to improve water quality by serving as natural water treatment plants and sequestering carbon dioxide. These unique, ecologically rich areas also present a unique opportunity for Lagos residents to observe wildlife and to undertake other quiet, contemplative recreation. Now the opposite is the case. We now see buildings, hotels, restaurants and other places of leisure adorning the waterfront of Lagos. The justification of the promoters of this development is the city must grow, we need more land to generate revenue and entertainment makes Lagos move. Ironically, we seem to forget that our money and buildings cannot save us from the imminent disasters awaiting us in years to come.

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/nyregion/nyc-flood-mta-subway.html

 

https://www.reuters.com/pictures/torrential-rains-bring-flooding-new-york-2023-09-29/

 

New York Case Study

Friday, September, 29^th 2023, New York City witnessed a heavy flood, half of New York City’s subway line was shut down due to torrential rainfall. According to New York City Chief Climate Officer Rohit Aggarwala “There’s no question that the rain on Friday is part of a pattern that is directly linked to climate change.” Also, Nelson Vaz a meteorologist at the New York office of the National Weather Service said” “What we once thought of as a rare event, a low probability of occurrence-maybe these events are increasing in frequency.” According to Aggarwala, the major concern about the rain is that there are no enough “permeable surfaces” in the city. So, a major part of New York City’s climate adaptation strategy includes: Turning basketball court enclosures into giant rain buckets, developing pockets of wetland, installing so-called rain gardens on sidewalks and building walls along the shorelines to keep out coastal storms.

In the last ten years, New York City has acquired almost 300 acres of wetland and is planning to acquire an additional 195 acres over the next 30 years for wetland creation and flood management. The opposite is the case in my city. Wetlands and waterfronts are “hotcakes’ in Lagos. Most developers in Lagos see the development of wetland areas as a major achievement. Most even boost about it and use it for social media campaigns. I am not against development, but I will not support development that is not sustainable. Interestingly, we can solve half of Lagos City's flooding challenges by integrating urban wetlands into project development. Lagos is designed as a natural pond. We need natural solutions to combat natural disasters because, with the frequency, magnitude and intensity of disasters, nature-based solutions are now inevitable. We need a Lagos City Wetland Strategy that will develop various urban wetlands across the city or state.     

 

Urban Wetland

Urban wetlands may not be the first thing that comes to mind when you think of a bustling city, but these unique ecosystems are essential to urban environments. Urban wetlands refer to any wetland located within a city or urban area, such as ponds, marshes, or even small patches of wetland vegetation. While often overlooked, urban wetlands play a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of urban ecosystems. They provide a habitat for diverse plant and animal species, contribute to water management, and even help mitigate the risk of flooding. Understanding the ecological significance of these wetlands is essential to ensure their preservation and continued benefits for both nature and city dwellers.

One of the significant benefits of urban wetlands is their ability to mitigate flooding during heavy rainfalls, wetlands act as natural sponges, absorbing excess water and reducing the speed at which it enters drainage systems. By slowing down the flow of water, wetlands help prevent overwhelmed storm drains and reduce the risk of flash floods in urban areas. Wetlands also buffer the shore from oceanic storm surges and dissipate the destructive energy of local floods. The expected sea level rise and increased storm frequency associated with climate change will make this function even more important in the future.

Now and more than before we need to have a Lagos Wetland Strategy as wetlands should be an important component of the City’s vision for a greener, greater Lagos and over the next two decades, the State should steadfastly acquire and restore wetland habitats. We should be able to “play god” as we design solutions that will address Lagos flooding issues.

 It is now expedient to foster collaboration between environmentalists, engineers, urban planners, and climate scientists as we have to turn ourselves into eco-warriors. Urban wetlands can be integrated with sustainable infrastructure like rain gardens and green roofs. We can turn our city into veritable ecological havens. Also, incorporating green spaces around wetlands provides recreation areas for city dwellers to stretch their legs and reconnect with nature. Think of it as a win-win for both humans and wildlife.

We can save Lagos from flooding. We just have to go natural. Urban wetlands may seem like an unusual concept, but they play a vital role in creating livable, sustainable cities. Let's embrace the wetland hipsters and bring a little bit of nature back into our urban jungles. Let's bring nature back into Lagos, major world cities are doing it. We cannot wait till when all hope is lost. 

 

 

 

 

Hawking and Street Vending In Lagos: It's Impact on Environmental Protection And Sustainability

 

Understanding the Concept of Hawking and Street Vending

 

Picture this: bustling streets filled with energetic individuals, weaving through traffic with baskets on their heads and trays in their hands.

This is the world of hawking in Lagos, a unique and ubiquitous sight in the city. Hawking refers to the act of selling goods on the streets, often carried out by informal vendors who roam the city in search of customers. It’s a daily dance of survival, as these individuals navigate the challenges and opportunities that comes with selling their wares on the go. Unlike hawking, street vending is the act of sell goods and offer services in broadly defined public spaces, including open-air spaces, transport junctions, sidewalks, front of public and private building etc. Street vendors and market traders are an integral part of urban economies around the world, offering easy access to a wide range of affordable goods and services in public spaces.

They sell everything from fresh vegetables to prepared foods, from building materials to garments and crafts, and from consumer electronics to everyday use items. 

 

Significance of Hawking in Lagos

 

Street vending and hawking are more than just a way to make a living in Lagos. It has become deeply ingrained in the fabric of the city, shaping its identity and economy. From the early morning rush to the late hours of the night, hawkers line the sidewalks, offering a wide range of products, from snacks and beverages to household items and clothing. For many Lagosian, hawking and vending is not a problem since it serves as a means of livelihood for the low-income earners in the society. Also, it’s a convenient way to access goods and services in a fast-paced urban environment especial for Lagos that is known for its rush-rush syndrome. Despite their contribution to the economy of Lagos, street vending and hawking contribute negatively to the environmental, health and occupational status of Lagos.

 

Street vending and hawking has a number of negative impacts.

 

Street vending and hawking causes: traffic congestion, environmental pollution, visual pollution and reduced food safety. Traffic congestion, difficulties in disposing of waste generated by street vendors and attracting migrant people from rural places to urban areas are the reasons given for declaring street vending and hawking illegal.

 

The Impact of Hawking on Environmental Degradation in Lagos

 

i. Street Vending and Hawking as a Contributor to Waste Generation. With every purchase made on the streets, there comes a trail of waste. Plastic wrappers, food containers, and discarded packaging litter the sidewalks, contributing to the growing waste problem in Lagos. Hawkers, due to their on-the-go nature, often resort to single-use packaging, which further exacerbates the issue. The sheer volume of waste generated through hawking activities poses a significant challenge for environmental protection and sustainability in the city.

 

ii. Air and Noise Pollution from Hawking Activities

 

As the streets of Lagos become a marketplace, the air becomes thick with exhaust fumes from vehicles and generators, and the soundscape becomes a symphony of car horns, shouting voices, and blaring music. Hawkers add to this cacophony, as they compete for customers' attention by vocally advertising their products. This constant noise and air pollution not only create an unpleasant urban environment but also contribute to health issues and deteriorating air quality in the city.

 

iii. Encroachment on Green Spaces and Natural Habitats

 

Lagos, like any other bustling city, struggles to balance urban development with the preservation of green spaces and natural habitats. Hawking often spills into parks, sidewalks, and even protected areas, encroaching on these valuable ecosystems. The unregulated expansion of hawking activities not only disrupt the natural balance but also limits the availability of green space for recreation and environmental conservation. 

As Lagos continues to navigate the rise of hawking and its impact on environmental protection and sustainability, valuable lessons are being learned along the way. The collaborative efforts between researchers and policy maker have demonstrated the potential for positive change.

By prioritizing education, awareness, and alternative income sources, the future outlook is promising for sustainable hawking and vending practices in Lagos. Through continued innovation and collective action, the city can pave the way towards a more environmentally conscious and socially responsible hawking culture. Also, it is recommended that the designation of a key contact organisation/office in charge of street vendors' business will go a long way to reduce the menace of hawking and vending.

Also, the designation of authorised areas for street vending, based on planning regulation can be introduced and enforced. Lagos can pave the way for a more sustainable future, where hawking coexists harmoniously with the preservation of the natural environment. It is only through concerted efforts and a collective commitment to sustainability that the rise of hawking in Lagos can be effectively managed for the benefit of both its inhabitants and the environment.

OVERVIEW OF THE AIR POLLUTION PROBLEM IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

 

Air pollution poses a significant threat to the well-being and sustainable development of Lagos, Nigeria. As one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, Lagos faces numerous challenges in tackling the alarming levels of air pollution that continue to plague its residents. The harmful effects of air pollution on public health, the environment, and the economy call for urgent action. This article presents a comprehensive proposal for addressing the air pollution crisis in Lagos, highlighting the current causes and effects, proposed policies and regulations, innovative technologies, public awareness and education initiatives, collaborative efforts, and the importance of monitoring and evaluation in achieving a cleaner and healthier environment for the people of Lagos.

Lagos, Nigeria's bustling megacity, is not only known for its vibrant culture and bustling markets but also for its significant air pollution problem. The scale and impact of this issue cannot be underestimated, as it poses serious threats to both human health and the environment. As the population of Lagos continues to grow, so does the pollution levels, requiring urgent attention and effective solutions.

Industrial Pollution: Identifying Major Pollutant Sources

One of the major contributors to air pollution in Lagos is industrial activities. The rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to the establishment of numerous manufacturing plants and factories, emitting a significant number of pollutants into the air. Identifying and reducing the emissions from these major pollutant sources should be a top priority. Government agencies responsible for air pollution should enable to use the principle of source apportionment.

Vehicular Emissions: The Role of Road Transportation

With a growing population comes a surge in the number of vehicles on the roads of Lagos. This increase in road transportation has resulted in a significant increase in vehicular emissions, primarily responsible for the worsening air quality. Implementing measures to reduce vehicle emissions through stricter emission standards and promoting the use of public transportation can play a pivotal role in addressing this issue. Also, introduction of compulsory emission testing for vehicles will go a long way in help to reduce the impact of    

 Open Burning and Waste Management Issues

Improper waste management practices, including open burning of waste materials, contribute significantly to air pollution in Lagos. The burning of waste releases harmful chemicals and pollutants into the air, adversely affecting the quality of air and posing serious health risks. It is imperative to improve waste management practices and educate communities about the importance of responsible waste disposal.

Health and Environmental Impacts of Air Pollution

The health and environmental impacts of air pollution in Lagos are alarming. Long-term exposure to polluted air can lead to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and even premature death. Today, the impact of Particulate Matter on the health of the citizen is well documented. Moreover, air pollution also affects the environment, contributing to climate change and harming ecosystems. Recognizing the gravity of these impacts emphasizes the need for immediate action.

Proposed Policies and Regulations for Air Pollution Control

* Government Initiatives and Legislative Framework

To combat air pollution effectively, the government of Lagos needs to implement comprehensive policies and regulations. These initiatives should focus on reducing emissions from industrial sources, promoting sustainable transportation, and enforcing stringent waste management practices. A robust legislative framework will form the foundation for these measures and ensure their long-term effectiveness.

* International Best Practices and Adaptation to Local Context

Learning from international best practices can provide valuable insights into effective air pollution control strategies. While it is essential to adapt these practices to the local context of Lagos, incorporating successful approaches from other countries can serve as a blueprint for the city's fight against air pollution.

*Strengthening Enforcement and Penalties for Violations

Implementing policies and regulations alone is not enough; enforcing them is equally crucial. Strengthening enforcement mechanisms and imposing strict penalties for violations will create a deterrent for polluters. Regular inspections, monitoring systems, and public awareness campaigns can help ensure compliance with air pollution control measures.

Innovative Technologies for Air Pollution Reduction

*Clean Energy Alternatives: Promoting Renewable Sources

Transitioning to clean energy alternatives is vital in reducing air pollution. Promoting renewable sources such as solar and wind energy can help decrease reliance on fossil fuels, which are major contributors to pollution. Incentives and subsidies for clean energy projects can encourage their adoption and accelerate the shift to a cleaner and healthier environment.

*Advanced Filtering Systems and Air Quality Monitoring

Investing in advanced filtering systems for industries and vehicles can significantly reduce emissions. Additionally, establishing a robust air quality monitoring network across Lagos can provide real-time data on pollution levels. This information can be used to identify pollution hotspots and take prompt action to mitigate their impact.

*Green Infrastructure and Urban Planning Solutions

Green infrastructure and urban planning solutions can play a significant role in addressing air pollution. Incorporating nature-based solutions such as planting trees, creating green spaces, and improving urban ventilation can help filter and purify the air. Additionally, designing cities with walkable neighborhoods and promoting non-motorized transportation can further reduce pollution levels.

By implementing a holistic approach that combines strong policies, effective regulations, innovative technologies, and community involvement, Lagos can take significant strides towards solving its air pollution problem. With the collective effort of government, industries, and citizens, a cleaner and healthier Lagos is within reach. Taking Action: Implementing Policy and Regulations for Air Pollution Control

 Enforcing Existing Environmental Laws and Regulations

*Introducing New Policies and Regulations

* Promoting Sustainable Practices and Technologies

5. Strengthening Public Awareness and Education on Air Pollution

*Information Campaigns: Raising Awareness about Air Pollution

The key to tackling air pollution is ensuring that people understand its causes, effects, and the actions they can take to reduce it. Through information campaigns, we can raise awareness and educate the public about air pollution in Lagos. These campaigns should be accessible and engaging, using various communication channels such as television, radio, social media, and public events.

* Educational Programs: Empowering Citizens for Change

Education plays a crucial role in empowering citizens to make informed decisions and take action against air pollution. We should develop educational programs targeting students, communities, and various demographic groups. These programs should cover the science behind air pollution, its health impacts, and practical steps individuals can take to reduce their contribution to pollution. By equipping citizens with knowledge, we can foster a sense of responsibility and encourage behavioral changes.

*Community Engagement and Grassroots Movements

Creating a sense of community ownership is vital in the fight against air pollution. Encouraging community engagement and grassroots movements can mobilize residents to take collective action. We should establish platforms for community dialogue, where residents can voice their concerns and suggestions. This will enable citizens to actively participate in finding solutions and hold both government and polluting industries accountable.

Collaborative Efforts: Engaging Stakeholders for a Sustainable Solution

* Public-Private Partnerships for Air Pollution Mitigation

Air pollution affects everyone, and it is crucial to engage both public and private sectors in finding sustainable solutions. Public-private partnerships can pool resources, expertise, and innovation to develop and implement effective air pollution mitigation strategies. By collaborating with industries, we can promote cleaner production processes, emission reduction technologies, and the adoption of cleaner fuels.

* Role of NGOs and Civil Society Organizations

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society organizations are key players in advocating for environmental protection and holding governments accountable. These organizations can contribute by raising awareness, conducting research, and advocating for policies that prioritize air pollution control. They can also assist in monitoring and reporting violations, ensuring transparency and accountability.

*International Cooperation and Knowledge-sharing

Air pollution is a global issue, and learning from successful initiatives and sharing best practices can greatly enhance our efforts in Lagos. Establishing partnerships and fostering international cooperation will enable us to access expertise, knowledge, and technological advancements in air pollution control. By collaborating with other countries and learning from their experiences, we can accelerate progress towards cleaner air in Lagos.

Monitoring and Evaluation: Ensuring Effective Implementation of Air Pollution Control Measures

Establishing Air Quality Monitoring Networks

To effectively address air pollution, we need accurate and real-time data on air quality. Establishing a robust air quality monitoring network across Lagos is essential. This network should consist of strategically placed monitoring stations that measure and report pollution levels regularly. The data collected will help identify pollution hotspots, assess the effectiveness of control measures, and guide informed decision-making.

Data Collection, Analysis, and Reporting

Collecting and analyzing air pollution data is crucial for identifying trends, understanding sources of pollution, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. We must invest in modern data collection and analysis techniques to ensure reliable information. Regular reporting of air quality data to the public and relevant stakeholders will foster transparency and accountability in pollution control measures.

Regular Assessments and Review of Policy Effectiveness

Air pollution control policies and regulations must be regularly assessed and reviewed to ensure their effectiveness. By conducting periodic evaluations, we can identify gaps, adjust strategies, and introduce new measures if necessary. This continuous improvement process is vital to stay ahead of emerging pollution challenges and adapt to changing circumstances.

Taking Action: Implementing Policy and Regulations for Air Pollution Control

* Enforcing Existing Environmental Laws and Regulations

Strict enforcement of existing environmental laws and regulations is essential to combat air pollution effectively. Government agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing these laws should be adequately staffed and equipped. Violations should be met with appropriate penalties to deter polluters and send a strong message that air pollution will not be tolerated.

*  Introducing New Policies and Regulations

In addition to enforcing existing laws, we need to introduce new policies and regulations that target specific sources of air pollution. This could include stricter emission standards for vehicles and industries, incentives for adopting cleaner technologies, and regulations on open burning and waste management. By staying proactive and responsive to emerging challenges, we can adapt our regulations to effectively address air pollution.

*Promoting Sustainable Practices and Technologies

Promoting sustainable practices and technologies is crucial for long-term air pollution control. This includes incentivizing the use of renewable energy sources, promoting energy efficiency in buildings and transportation, and encouraging sustainable waste management practices. By embracing sustainability, we can reduce our reliance on polluting practices and transition to cleaner alternatives, ultimately improving air quality in Lagos.

In conclusion, tackling air pollution in Lagos requires a multi-faceted approach that involves strengthening public awareness, engaging stakeholders, monitoring and evaluating progress, and implementing effective policies and regulations. By working together and taking decisive action, we can create a healthier and more sustainable future for the inhabitants of Lagos. So, let's breathe easy and clean up the air in Lagos, one step at a time. In conclusion, resolving the air pollution crisis in Lagos, Nigeria, requires a coordinated and multifaceted approach. By implementing effective policies and regulations, embracing innovative technologies, raising public awareness, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and establishing robust monitoring and evaluation systems, a sustainable solution can be achieved. It is through these collective efforts that we can pave the way for cleaner air, improved public health, and a more vibrant and sustainable Lagos for generations to come. Together, let us strive towards a future where clean air is not just a luxury but a fundamental right for all.

Reference 

1. Air pollution: A silent killer in Lagos (worldbank.org)

2. Lagos Air Quality Index (AQI) and Nigeria Air Pollution | IQAir

3. Lagos and air pollution - Clean Air Fund